Background & objectives: Invasive diagnostic procedures such as angiography have a lot of stress and anxiety for patients. Anxiety influences the patient’s physiological responses and increases the risks of angiography. The aim of this study was to examine the effect of DAMASK ROSE EXTRACT as a complementary medicine on anxiety of patients undergoing coronary angiography.Methods: This double blind clinical trial was conducted with participation of 90 patients. With block randomization they assigned into intervention (n=45) and control (n=45). The intervention group received the ROSE EXTRACT in oral form, 15 drops every 8 hours and the control group received the placebo in the similar form and shape, 15 drops every 8 hours. Demographic data sheet, Spielberger questionnaire and hemodynamic index form were used to collect data. Aanxiety questionnaire and hemodynamic index were completed before and after intervention in both groups. Data were analyzed using the Mann-Whitney test, chisquare, Wilcoxon test in SPSS 16 software.Results: According to the findings of this study, most of the patients were male, married, and under diploma. According to Wilcoxon test, a statistically significant difference was found in anxiety of intervention group before and after the intervention (p<0.001). Also, significant effect was found on systolic blood pressure and mean arterial pressure in the intervention group (p<0.003).Conclusion: According to the effect of ROSE EXTRACT on anxiety and systolic blood pressure and mean arterial pressure in the group treated with the ROSE EXTRACT, it can be used as complementary medicine alongside other therapy in patients with cardiovascular disease and patients undergoing angiography.

Given the consequences of climate change impacts on production and economic situation of Agriculture Sector of Iran, as emphasized by both the National Document for Development of Medicinal Plants and the Sixth Five Year Development National Plan of Iran, the area under cultivation of medicinal plants should increase from 16506 hectares (19 percent of which is already under cultivation of DAMASK ROSE) to 50000 hectares by the end of the development plan. However, since the DAMASK ROSE production yield in many provinces is relatively low and the level of active ingredients is not at a high enough level, the production of this flower may not be economically advisable. This study was conducted in descriptive and analytical methods using SWOT matrix for analyzing the primary and secondary data obtained from documents as well as field visits through deep interviews. The study results indicated that the DAMASK ROSE development policy should focus on programs and activities aiming at increasing the production yield and improving the quality of flowers as well as the diversification of processed products, instead of emphasizing on increase in the area under cultivation; in addition, the DAMASK ROSE processing mills should not limit their activities to the ROSE water, rather the ROSE oil, ROSE concrete and absolute should be induced to produce for using whole plant potentials.

ROSE Powdery mildew is one of the most common diseases that attacks both garden and greenhouse ROSEs world wide. It is also an important disease of Rosa damascena in Iran. Since Iran appears to be a center of genetic diversity for DAMASK ROSE, findingpowdery mildew resistance genes is expected. Therefore, a set of DAMASK ROSEs from diverse regions of Iran were screened for powdery mildew resistance. The plants were screened for natural infection over two years (2006 and 2007) both in the field and in pots. The diseases index and factor were calculated for each genotype and severity of disease was compared at different scoring times. Screening in the field was not consistent, probably due to non uniform pathogen distribution, but potted plants that were placed in favorable environmental conditions (half-shade with relatively high humidity) gave consistent ratings over replications. Significant differences in the rate of powdery mildew development were found between genotypes. The East Azerbaijan and Kerman genotypes were recognized as the most resistant and susceptible genotypes respectively. Results are promising for planning the future breeding programs on this valuable species.

This study aimed to examine two concentrations of Rosa damascene EXTRACT on toxic effect of Zn on the liver of common carp. For this purpose, four treatments with three replicates were designed as following: treatment one as control, treatment 2 exposed to 3 mg/l ZnSO4, and treatments 3 and 4 supplemented with 2. 5 and 5 g of R. damascene EXTRACT along with exposure to 3 mg/L ZnSO4. After 45 days, the bioaccumulation of Zn and histopathological alternation in the liver, as well as aspartate aminotransferase (AST), alanine transaminase (ALT), triglyceride, cholesterol and albumin were measured. The results showed the highest concentration of Zn in treatment, and its decreasing trend in treatments 3 and 4. The histopathological examinations showed the most alternations in treatment 2, but lower changes in treatment 3 and 4 due to application of R. damascene EXTRACT. In addition, those measured biochemical parameters had increased in treatment 2 following exposure to ZnSO4, whereas they had decrease in treatments 3 and 4. These results revealed positive effect of R. damascene EXTRACT to decrease toxicity of Zn on the liver of common carp.

Aim. This study aimed to examine the effect of DAMASK ROSE on sleep quality of patients undergoing angiography admitted to cardiac care unit.Background. Sleep is one of the basic human needs and determine the health and recovery. Most patients hospitalized in cardiac care unit experience some degrees of sleep disorder.Method. In this double-blind clinical trial, 90 patients were randomly allocated to experimental (n=45) and control (n=45) group. Data collection instrument consisted of demographic data and St. Mary''s Hospital Sleep Questionnaire (SMHSQ). In experimental group, DAMASK ROSE EXTRACT was given by oral route, 15 drops every 8 hours. The patients in control group received placebo by oral route, 15 drops every 8 hours. Data were collected, before and after intervention and were analyzed in SPSS 16 using descriptive and inferential statistic.Findings. Both groups were homogeneous in terms of demographic characteristics. There was no statistically significant between groups in terms of sleep quality, but, a statistically significant difference was found between sleep quality, before and after intervention, in each group.Conclusion. A significant difference before and after treatment in both groups can show that any effort by the nursing staff even drop placebo may have an effect on sleep quality. DAMASK ROSE EXTRACT was not found to have a significant effect on quality of sleep in control group compared with the control group. It is recommended to replicate the study with longer duration of intervention and/ or changing the method of DAMASK ROSE administration.

ROSE is known as the queen of flowers. Rosa DAMASK (Rosa damascena Mill.) is utilized as a main source of ROSE oil and ROSE water in Iran. Biotechnology methods are considered as a fast and efficient way to produce haploid plants and pure lines. Among the different methods, androgenesis is considered as the most effective procedure, due to its high quantity of microspores in the anthers. In the present study, the effect of medium composition was evaluated on anther culture in two ecotypes of DAMASK ROSE, and miniature ROSE. The results showed that the interaction between H1 medium and mid-uninucleate stage produced the highest callogenesis in DAMASK ROSE, Kashan ecotype. Furthermore, the results showed that removing ammonium nitrate and doubling potassium nitrate in the medium produced higher callogenesis. In miniature ROSE, the medium containing calcium chloride and calcium nitrate produced higher callogenesis. Also, the amino acids improved callogenesis in anther culture of DAMASK ROSE, and miniature ROSE. Moreover, glycine, glutamine and casein hydrolysate were more effective than other studied amino acids. SucROSE was a better sugar compared to sorbitol for callogenesis in the studied genotypes. The chromosome counting and flowcytometery results illustrated that the produced calli were tetraploid (28 chromosomes).

Introduction: In addition to serving medical and cultural functions, medicinal plants have economic importance as well. Global and national markets for medicinal plants are growing and significant economic gains are achieved through the sale of herbal medicinal products. Examining the value chain of medicinal plants will help to improve and connect the production and supply network of these products. In this study DAMASK ROSE has been selected in Khorasan Razavi province with the aim of analyzing the value chain of this medicinal plant. Its issues can be investigated in each part of the production network to the supply of this plant and obstacles can be removed or new loops could be created in value chain. Materials and Methods: Planning from production to delivery of goods to the final consumer in the form value chain can help to meet the needs of consumers. Value chain is generally defined as a physical network and decision-making activities that are related to the flow of goods and information between organizations and individuals. There are several methods that can provide analysis of value chain performance. Some of the best known methods are: Score model, balanced scorecard, Data-coverage analysis, Life cycle analysis, Activitybased costing, SWOT analysis method. The SWOT model is used in this research. Statistics and information required for this research were obtained through face-to-face interviews and questionnaires. In each of the loops, a number of samples were selected. For example leading producers were selected in the loop of producers that have more than 80% of the province's production and are interviewed in 5 counties. Results and Discussion: DAMASK ROSE production is cost-effective in terms of water consumption in Iran and Khorasan Razavi province because it requires little water and usually requires irrigation between 12 and 18 days. Between 1 and 3 tons of DAMASK ROSE can be harvested from each hectare. The major five counties in the production of DAMASK ROSE which have allocated about 80% of the production of Khorasan Razavi province, including the Mashhad (55. 3%), Torbat Heydariyeh (13. 1%), Zaveh (4. 7%), Kalat (3. 6%) and Khaf (3. 5%). Three channels are drawn for the DAMASK ROSE value chain. Channel one consists of 6 loops: supplier, manufacturer, small-scale processor, intermediary, retailer, consumer. Channel two includes 6 loops: supplier, manufacturer, intermediary, small-scale processor, retailer, consumer, and channel three includes 5 loops: supplier, manufacturer, large-scale processor, exporter (or retailer), Consumer (internal and external). In the desired chain a suitable model for DAMASK ROSE is presented. The difference of this model is transportation and packaging and other removable inputs which are supported by the processor with the help of "contract farming" and are provided to the producer or the farmer. In fact, the processor acts as a local backer for the DAMASK ROSE value chain and this action will cause the necessary standards required by the processor to produce the desired product which will be raised with the inputs that he was responsible for providing them. There is an emphasis on the specialization of market of DAMASK ROSE processors in the favorable value chain. In other words, there is a need to create new processors (or diversification of the type of processing) to differentiate the market of largescale processors. These separate processors are for to achieve export target market. Strategies were selected based on SWOT analysis. Conclusion: we would move towards better production if the parts of the value chain that generate the most added value are produced by greater and bigger companies. the important point of this discussion is the findings of this study and the proposed model based on value chain would help to identify the distribution of value added at different stages of the chain, as well increase the focus on profitable parts of the value chain, and also concentrate resources and efficient manpower in more value-added areas. Missing links in the DAMASK ROSE value chain include: 1) Creating cosmetics, 2) Production of essential oils with special brand, 3) Establishment of processing enterprises in four counties of Zaveh, Kalat, Khaf and Gonabad, 4) Establishing a flower-drying workshop, and 5) Using conventional agriculture. By placing these loops in the right place, the creative added value can be increased. Six strategies to cover the above missing loops include: 1) Development of DAMASK ROSE processing, 2) Commercialization of DAMASK ROSE production, 3) Diversification of processed products, 4) Attraction of new export markets, 5) Development of research related to production, and 6) Execution "Contract farming".

For centuries, DAMASK ROSE has been one of the most popular species of the ROSE family. DAMASK ROSE can be propagated using vegetative methods such as micropropagation. In this research, the use of temporary immersion system was reported for the first time for DAMASK ROSE micropropagation. For this reason, a traditional temporary immersion system was designed to facilitate its micropropagation. To optimize this system, the effects of the BAP concentration, immersion time, explant size, number of explants per temporary immersion unit were investigated in the independent experiments using completely randomized design. Temporary immersion system was also compared with the solid and liquid media. The highest shoot number per explant was obtained from a temporary immersion system using an immersion time of 3 min every 150 min (11.8 shoots), a modified MS medium with 6 mg l-1 BAP (12.33 shoots) and explants with shoot length of 4 cm (12.45 shoots). Results indicated that the temporary immersion system was significantly better than solid and liquid media for the shoot number per explant (10.66, 2.56 and 5.66, respectively).